How do normalization schemes affect net spillovers? A replication of the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) study

This paper replicates the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) study on the connectedness of the commodity market and three other financial markets: the stock market, the bond market, and the FX market, based on the Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, GEFVD. We show that the net spillover indices (of directional connectedness), used to assess the net contribution of one market to overall risk in the system, are sensitive to the normalization scheme applied to the GEFVD. We show that, considering data generating processes characterized by different degrees of persistence and covariance, a scalar-based normalization of the Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition is preferable to the row normalization suggested by Diebold and Yilmaz since it yields net spillovers free of sign and ranking errors.     

Modeling and analysis of friction in end-face/inner-face circular braiding processes

Friction between yarns could greatly influence braiding processes, especially using carbon/glass fibers. However, as the points of friction are various and traveling all the time, it is quite difficult to measure the total value of frictions. To solve this problem, mathematical models have been developed to predict the friction in two braiding processes of triaxial circular braiding processes, the widely used end-face braiding process and the inner-face braiding process. To analyze the influence of the two braiding processes to the interacted friction between yarns, some definitions and initial conditions were introduced. Based on these conditions, the yarn net, which is formed during the braiding process, was divided into numerous segments. With the geometrical and force equilibrium relationships, each yarn nodes and segments were analyzed. Based on these equations and boundary conditions, the models of two braiding processes were established and solved by Matlab. A practical engineering implementation was shown to verify the validation of the model. The results shows that the inner-face braiding process of braiding process does have a better performance in eliminating the friction than the widely used end-face braiding process.     

The roles of conceptual modelling in improving construction simulation studies: A comprehensive review

The conceptual modelling phase of simulation studies has proven to be effective in enhancing the impact of simulation modelling in different domains. However, this simulation phase did not receive much attention in the construction simulation domain. The objective of this paper is to identify the roles that conceptual modelling can play in advancing the engagement, accuracy, and adoption (among other things) of discrete-event simulation studies in construction. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted, which involves a comprehensive search of databases and researchers’ profiles to identify journal papers, conference articles, books, and theses that have reported the benefits of conceptual modelling for discrete-event simulation studies. The review resulted in 82 documents that were published from 2000 to 2020. Results indicate that the benefits of conceptual modelling include facilitating communications between stakeholders, capturing sufficient information for the simulation model, improving the quality of simulation models, guiding other simulation modelling activities, and facilitating verification and validation of simulation models. By linking these benefits to the current research agenda in construction simulation, this paper shows the significance and potential of the conceptual modelling phase to enhance the impact of discrete-event simulation studies in construction.     

基于等切共轭的弧齿锥齿轮差曲面建立与解析

对弧齿锥齿轮提出了一种新的共轭求解方法，来更方便地求解共轭小轮的齿面方程，在此基础上进行了齿面接触分析。在分析过程中提出了一种新的ease-off差曲面计算方法，即用对应点的转角误差替代直线误差进行差曲面求解，使得传动误差解析、齿面修形量的确定更为直观和准确。提取了ease-off曲面上的差曲线，以方便地确定出接触路径和边缘接触点。根据全程差曲线得到了齿面接触印痕分布情况。     

Prediction of the water content of biodiesel using ANN-MLP: An environmental application

Fuel quality, especially biodiesel, is highly dependent on its water content, and the major sources of water in the fuel relate to the transportation, production, and storage processes. In this present contribution, the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) was applied to predict the water content of biodiesel and diesel blend in terms of temperature and composition. The proposed algorithm was trained and tested by utilizing 400 experimental data points which were extracted from the literature. Based on the results, the MLP-ANN model has great ability to estimate the water content of biodiesel and diesel blend. The R-squared (R²), root mean square error, average absolute relative deviation, and a?bsolute deviation parameters for the total data set are obtained, respectively, as 0.99784, 123919.1172, 3.3632, and 1.17%, which indicate the effective performance suggested by ANN. As the computational study is cheaper and easier than the experimental study, the developed software could be considered as an alternative for laboratory study, and the environmental effect of biodiesel and produced undesired product after biodiesel combustion which is directly related to the water content of biodiesel is estimable with the information released in this study.     

ZerNet: Convolutional Neural Networks on Arbitrary Surfaces Via Zernike Local Tangent Space Estimation

In this paper, we propose a novel formulation extending convolutional neural networks (CNN) to arbitrary two-dimensional manifolds using orthogonal basis functions called Zernike polynomials. In many areas, geometric features play a key role in understanding scientific trends and phenomena, where accurate numerical quantification of geometric features is critical. Recently, CNNs have demonstrated a substantial improvement in extracting and codifying geometric features. However, the progress is mostly centred around computer vision and its applications where an inherent grid-like data representation is naturally present. In contrast, many geometry processing problems deal with curved surfaces and the application of CNNs is not trivial due to the lack of canonical grid-like representation, the absence of globally consistent orientation and the incompatible local discretizations. In this paper, we show that the Zernike polynomials allow rigourous yet practical mathematical generalization of CNNs to arbitrary surfaces. We prove that the convolution of two functions can be represented as a simple dot product between Zernike coefficients and the rotation of a convolution kernel is essentially a set of 2 × 2 rotation matrices applied to the coefficients. The key contribution of this work is in such a computationally efficient but rigorous generalization of the major CNN building blocks.     

读懂衡器的最大允许误差

本文主要讨论衡器的检定分度数能否大于传感器的最大检定分度数nmax,这是一直困扰大家和争论不休的问题。作者由分析最大允许误差mpe本质入手,指出mpe是人为规定的误差,不是传感器实际的物理特性。通过理论分析得出的对单只传感器的衡器,n≤nmax和v≥vmin的误差限原则是不能违背的。对于四只传感器的衡器,不受上述误差限原则限制。     

Wall thickness error prediction and compensation in end milling of thin-plate parts

End milling has been widely adopted to machine the thin-plate parts that play increasingly important role in the aerospace industry, due to the advantages of high machining accuracy and fine machined surface quality. In this paper, a systematic method is proposed to predict and compensate the wall thickness errors in end milling of thin-plate parts. The errors are caused by the static deflections induced by the varying cutting force imposed on the weakly rigid part. To improve the efficiency of computing the part deformation, a novel FE model is firstly developed by combing the methods of substructure analysis, special mesh generation and structural static stiffness modification. Then, the time- and position-dependent deformations of the part are calculated based on the proposed FE model to predict the wall thickness errors left on the finished part. It reveals for the first time that the surface topography of the finished thin-plate part is formed by the repeated cutting with the bottom edge of the cutter (BEC) in end milling. Owing to the coupling between the axial cutting depth (ACD) and the force-induced deflection, the modified ACDs for compensation of the static wall thickness errors are finally determined by an iterative adjustment method. The proposed method is verified by three-axis end milling experiments. The experiment results show that the predicted wall thickness errors match well with the really measured ones, and the errors are reduced by 77.18% with the help of the proposed compensation method. Moreover, the proposed FE model reduces the computational time elapsed for error prediction by 67.44% as compared with the benchmark FE model.     

Homogeneous non-equilibrium two-phase choked flow modeling

The estimation of the release conditions is critical input to subsequent risk assessment accident analysis. To this respect a new homogeneous non-equilibrium two-phase model is proposed to simulate the depressurization from stagnation conditions leading to the bubbly flow regime. The proposed model, being intermediate between HEM (homogeneous equilibrium) and HFM (homogeneous frozen) models, presents no discontinuity in the liquid phase depressurization path gradient and therefore no discontinuity in sound speed. The proposed model is successfully validated against the NASA hydrogen critical flow experiments and compared against predictions from both HEM and HFM, using hydrogen physical properties from NIST. An increase of the pressure difference between stagnation and the intersection of isentropic with saturation line leads to increase of the choked mass flux, decrease of the throat to stagnation pressure ratio, decrease of the liquid superheat and decrease of the vapor quality. The proposed model was found to overestimate the experimental throat mass fluxes by no more than 10% and underestimate the experimental throat to stagnation pressure ratios by no more than 50%, while predicted liquid superheat values range from 3.8 to 11% of the saturation temperature. Deviations between models were found to increase for low values of the pressure difference parameter, where non-equilibrium effects become more important. Under these conditions the throat mass flux is underestimated by maximum 20% by HEM and overestimated up to 32% by HFM, while the throat to stagnation pressure ratio is overestimated by up to 72% and underestimated by 80% respectively.